Journal: Biology

Article Title: Assessing Antimicrobial Efficacy on Plastics and Other Non-Porous Surfaces: A Closer Look at Studies Using the ISO 22196:2011 Standard

doi: 10.3390/biology13010059

Figure Lengend Snippet: Literature on the different reported results of studies using the ISO 22196 standard.

Article Snippet: Healthcare settings (HVAC aluminium ducts) , Legionella pneumophila ATCC 33152 S. aureus ATCC 6538 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422 E. coli ATCC 8739 Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Aspergillus niger ATCC6275) , Culture medium , Tryptic soy agar was used to determine viable bacteria instead of plate count agar , Germicidal effect (ULOG 10 ) , [ ] .

Techniques: Modification, Bacteria, Incubation, Suspension, Sterility, Saline, Activity Assay, Polymer, Concentration Assay, Sonication, Control

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils and Their Compounds for Application in Skin Fungal Infections: Conventional and Nonconventional Approaches

doi: 10.3390/molecules26041093

Figure Lengend Snippet: Potential of EOs as antifungal agents in human skin disease.

Article Snippet: 31. , [ ] , Candidiasis ( C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 90098) , Mediterranean EOs ( Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula x intermedia “Sumian ”, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum ) , The antifungal susceptibility test for the selected (clotrimazole- nanostructured lipid carriers) CLZ-NLC formulations was performed based on the broth microdilution method for yeasts, with minor adaptations. For comparative purposes, in addition to the CLZ-LNLC ( Lavandula ) and CLZ-RNLC ( Rosmarinus ) formulations, LNLC and RNLC systems were also tested, as well as free EOs (L and R) and free CLZ. The cytotoxicity of all samples (pure EOs and NLC systems) was evaluated through the Alamar Blue ® method. , Results of the in vitro biosafety on HaCaT (normal cell line) and A431 (tumoral cell line) allowed us to select Lavandula and Rosmarinus as antiproliferative agents with the potential for use as coadjuvants in the treatment of nontumoral proliferative dermal diseases Nanoparticles provided prolonged in vitro release of clotrimazole. In vitro studies against C. albicans , C. krusei and C. parapsilosis , showed an increase of the antifungal activity of clotrimazole-loaded nanoparticles prepared with Lavandula or Rosmarinus , thus confirming that NLC-containing Mediterranean EOs represent a promising strategy to improve drug effectiveness against topical candidiasis. , Taken together, the results of this study imply that the nanoencapsulation of the selected antifungal drug into NLC systems prepared using Mediterranean EOs as intrinsic oily components is a promising strategy to improve CLZ effectiveness against candidiasis. In particular, the results open the debate concerning the possible application of the properties of Lavandula and Rosmarinus , whose synergistic effects must be further investigated; this could bring about a strategy for the use of CLZ-EO-NLC to overcome the drug resistance mechanisms associated with the treatment of topical infections..

Techniques: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Activity Assay, In Vitro, Chromatography, Microdilution Assay, Infection, Isolation, Diffusion-based Assay, Control, MTT Assay, Dilution Assay, In Vivo, Inhibition, Ointment, Concentration Assay, Drug discovery, Cytotoxicity Assay, Viscosity, Bacteria, Formulation, Modification, Sterility, Transformation Assay, Spectroscopy, Histopathology, Functional Assay, Positive Control, Serial Dilution, Emulsion, Solvent, Evaporation, Injection, Biomarker Discovery, Clinical Proteomics, Adhesive